Thursday, September 13, 2012

Grace and Intellect


Sometimes ignorance is a form of grace

Sometimes I that I might save myself by learning.  I see those around me walking around as if they were asleep, their consciousness limited to the smallness of a material animal life, and feel a resentful superiority. They come home from work, pop open a can of beer, and vegetate on the couch. In my indignant pride, my mind screams at them "Gain knowledge or buy a rope!" I struggle to comprehend the sinfulness of these feelings. My conscience reproaches me "despite all your knowledge, you are not saved any more than those".

There are holy fools, and invincible ignorance.
and there is much to falter upon with intelligence.
The world wizened atheist, grace does flout,
When tasting suffering, he is led to doubt.

We say with Augustine that evil is naught but the privation of Good, because God in the first chapter of Genesis repeatably affirms the goodness of creation. The natural man is dull in his animality, and moreover, do we not associate innocence with ignorance; were not human beings originally deprived of moral knowledge in Eden? If God created man as an ignorant creature, then ignorance cannot be written off as unfortunate and bad mental state of affairs with out reservation.

Ignorance can be a grace and a great form of consolation.

"This is what Abba Daniel, the Pharanite, said, 'Our Father Abba Arsenius told us of an inhabitant of Scetis, of notable life and of simple faith; through his naïveté he was deceived and said, "The bread which we receive is not really the body of Christ, but a symbol. Two old men having learnt that he had uttered this saying, knowing that he was outstanding in his way of life, knew that he had not spoken through malice, but through simplicity. So they came to find him and said, "Father, we have heard a proposition contrary to the faith on the part of someone who says that the bread which we receive is not really the body of Christ, but a symbol." The old man said, "it is I who have said that." Then the old men exhorted him saying, "Do not hold this position, Father, but hold one in conformity with that which the catholic Church has given us. We believe, for our part, that the bread itself is the body of Christ as in the beginning, God formed man in his image, taking the dust of the earth, without anyone being able to say that it is not the image of God, even though it is not seen to be so; thus it is with the bread of which he said that it is his body; and so we believe that it is really the body of Christ." The old man said to them, "As long as I have not been persuaded by the thing itself, I shall not be fully convinced." So they said, "Let us pray God about this mystery throughout the whole of this week and we believe that God will reveal it to us." The old man received this saying with joy and he prayed in these words, "Lord, you know that it is not through malice that I do not believe and so that I may not err through ignorance, reveal this mystery to me, Lord Jesus Christ." The old men returned to their cells and they also prayed God, saying, "Lord Jesus Christ, reveal this mystery to the old man, that he may believe and not lose his reward." God heard both the prayers. At the end of the week they came to church on Sunday and sat all three on the same mat, the old man in the middle. Then their eyes were opened and when the bread was placed on the holy table, there appeared as it were a little child to these three alone. And when the priest put out his hand to break the bread, behold an angel descended from heaven with a sword and poured the child's blood into the chalice. When the priest cut the bread into small pieces, the angel also cut the child in pieces. When they drew near to receive the sacred elements the old man alone received a morsel of bloody flesh. Seeing this he was afraid and cried out, "Lord, I believe that this bread is your flesh and this chalice your blood." Immediately the flesh which he held in his hand became bread, according to the mystery and he took it, giving thanks to God. Then the old men said to him, "God knows human nature and that man cannot eat raw flesh and that is why he has changed his body into bread and his blood into wine, for those who receive it in faith." Then they gave thanks to God for the old man, because he had allowed him not to lose the reward of his labour. So all three returned with joy to their own cells.'"

Monday, August 16, 2010

Should we pray for those in Hell?

Yes- I do not like my fellow humans to suffer
No- They suffer at God's command and His Justice

The Existence of hell should frighten you, even those of you who are convinced of their own salvation. To know that there are people whom you know and loved and cared for in your life (we are commanded to genuinely love all persons are we not?), would only leave the sociopath unmoved. In my minds eye, I see St. Dominic sobbing uncontrollably for the unbelievers and heretics. I cannot fathom a wrong deserving of unceasing, excruciating torment forever. And yet, we say God is perfectly just, and that the existence of hell is understandable, necessary, and quite simply proven. The existence of sin and God's Justice demand it; it is as simple as 2+2=4!

People admire Kafka's trial as an example of the mysteriousness and unintelligibility of Law, but in Hell we possess an example far more excellent. K. only suffered angst for awhile, the blade only hung over his head for a moment, and the executioner sawed off his head in a flash. However, in the case of the damned, the blade hangs over their head for awhile, and the knife saws off their head forever.

The Flute of the Damned

Wrenching out their eyes with jagged nails,
The sinner in eternal torment flails
Forever shrieking, forever!
Meanwhile,
The singers in the heavenly chorus, enjoy a happy chant.
One beautified soul admires a far-off, but heartfelt, shrill.
It adds a lot to the divine composition.

Indeed, St. Thomas says that the sight of the torment of the damned will afford the blessed an occasion for happiness. How can it be otherwise? When I am perfected at the Resurrection, when God reveals Himself to us in splendor and there is nothing that can come between He and I and my brothers and sisters, maybe then I will understand and be able to love Him perfectly, as He deserves. God is pure actuality, God is simple. Loving Him is to love His will and His commandments. If God wills the existence of hell, and that the damned suffer there eternally, it seems I must learn to love this, even though it seems so monstrous.

It strikes me as exceedingly interesting that the relationship between the Christian and the sinner changes so drastically with just a slip past the veil. It seems to go from care to sadism(?). Can there really be a love that takes pleasure in the pain of another?
On the other hand, there is a prayer written by St. Basil, to be recited during the third kneeling of Pentecost that does offer prayers of mercy for the damned:
"O Christ our God...(who) on this all-perfect and saving Feast, art graciously pleased to accept propitiatory prayers for those who are imprisoned in hades, promising unto us who are held in bondage great hope of release from the vilenes that doth hinder us and did hinder them ... send down Thy consolation... and establish their souls in the mansions of the Just; and graciously vouchsafe unto them peace and pardon; for not the dead shall praise thee, O Lord, neither shall they who are in Hell make bold to offer unto thee confession. But we who are living will bless thee, and will pray, and offer unto thee propitiatory prayers and sacrifices for their souls"
St. Basil was a holier man than I, and perhaps he knows something that I do not. However, as explained above, the damned suffer in Hell in accordance with the divine will. To hope for mercies for the damned, implies hope for what is contrary to God's will. If we hope for what is contrary to God's will, does this not imply either our hope is in vain or that it is a hope for what isn't good?
A possible justification for the efficacy of St. Basil's prayer that immediately comes to my mind is that perhaps it is the case that it is God's will that we pray for the damned. That God stands ready to deliver His mercies to the damned, waiting only for our requests to do so. The idea doesn't strike me as terribly unlikely for I figure that this is God's stance towards any grace he wishes to impart to me. God is always pouring graces onto me, but I do not always accept them out of my own hard-heartedness. And similarly, God is prepared to impart graces to others who live at my prayerful behest. However, in this case, the others who live need not consciously accept the graces I request for them; how could they since I never tell them of my prayers? It might be the case that they accept God's graces implictly through a sort of prayerful attitude that prevades their life, but this perhaps is a topic that requires more investigation...

At any rate, it seems that St. Basil and St. Thomas Aquinas are at odds with one another. One sees the plight of the damned as a cause for pity and sorrow, the other as a cause for pleasure.
We might also mention the erronous opinion that there are none in hell, because God is All Merciful. The opinion holds that Mercy cannot exist unless Justice is abrogated. For instance, it is just to punish those who should be punished, and it is merciful to not punish or lessen the punishment of those who ought to be punished. In any case, mercy can only exist if there is an abrogation of the demands of justice. Now, since God is All-Merciful, He would not damn anybody. We know this argument to falter by the words of the Gospels, in which Jesus confirms multiple times the existence of hell and the actual presence of sinners there.
Oh dear God, please save us all.
Please, do not leave your providence hinging upon me. Let your will be done, because I am unworthy and unequal to the task. Have mercy, and carry me through my life and into your arms in the next.
I just wish I could understand this with my heart.

Ignorance and Grace

Sometimes I am tempted by the gnostic thought that I might save myself by learning. I see those around me walking around as if they were asleep, aware of only the smallness of a material animal life. Towards them I feel a resentful superiority. They come home from work, pop open a can of beer, and vegetate on the couch. In my indignant pride, my mind screams at them "Gain knowledge or buy a rope!" I struggle to comprehend the sinfulness of these feelings. My conscience reproaches me:

"Despite all your knowledge, you are not saved any more than those".
There are holy fools, and invincible ignorance.
and there is much to falter upon with intelligence.
The world wizened atheist, grace does flout,
When tasting suffering, he is led to doubt.

We say with Augustine that evil is naught but the privation of Good, because God in the first chapter of Genesis repeatably affirms the goodness of creation. We believe the natural man to be dull in his animality, and we associate innocence with ignorance; were not human beings originally deprived of moral knowledge in Eden? If God created man as an ignorant creature, then ignorance cannot be written off as unfortunate and a bad mental state of affairs without reservation.

Ignorance can be a grace and a great form of consolation. The proof of the first of these is that temptation originates in the awareness of certain potential actions-- I can only be tempted to steal a book, if I am aware that it is possible to do so. Moreover, additional items of knowledge regarding the potential action effecting temptation modulates its severity-- If I know that I will not be caught stealing a particular book, then I am tempted all the more by the idea of stealing it. If God impedes my awareness regarding the possibility for committing certain sins then this lack of awareness is a grace for He has shielded me from sin.

The proof that Ignorance can be a form of consolation: The awareness of suffering, whether my own or of others, can cause me to feel distress. God knows the specific instances of suffering which (my knowledge of) would cause distress in me. God may impede my knowledge of those instances, and thereby allow me to maintain a cheery state of mind. Or we might alternatively state that it is within God's power to induce ignorance in me of an unfortunate state of affairs which would distress me if I had knowledge of it. If God acts upon this power then it is a form of consolation.

It also appears to me to me that God induces obstructions to the clarity of our spiritual vision regarding certain spiritual truths so that we might better be able to live out our Faith. These obstructions ought to be counted as a kind of blessed ignorance. This story, from The Sayings of the Desert Fathers, suggests the same:

"This is what Abba Daniel, the Pharanite, said, 'Our Father Abba Arsenius told us of an inhabitant of Scetis, of notable life and of simple faith; through his naïveté he was deceived and said, "The bread which we receive is not really the body of Christ, but a symbol. Two old men having learnt that he had uttered this saying, knowing that he was outstanding in his way of life, knew that he had not spoken through malice, but through simplicity. So they came to find him and said, "Father, we have heard a proposition contrary to the faith on the part of someone who says that the bread which we receive is not really the body of Christ, but a symbol." The old man said, "it is I who have said that." Then the old men exhorted him saying, "Do not hold this position, Father, but hold one in conformity with that which the catholic Church has given us. We believe, for our part, that the bread itself is the body of Christ as in the beginning, God formed man in his image, taking the dust of the earth, without anyone being able to say that it is not the image of God, even though it is not seen to be so; thus it is with the bread of which he said that it is his body; and so we believe that it is really the body of Christ." The old man said to them, "As long as I have not been persuaded by the thing itself, I shall not be fully convinced." So they said, "Let us pray God about this mystery throughout the whole of this week and we believe that God will reveal it to us." The old man received this saying with joy and he prayed in these words, "Lord, you know that it is not through malice that I do not believe and so that I may not err through ignorance, reveal this mystery to me, Lord Jesus Christ." The old men returned to their cells and they also prayed God, saying, "Lord Jesus Christ, reveal this mystery to the old man, that he may believe and not lose his reward." God heard both the prayers. At the end of the week they came to church on Sunday and sat all three on the same mat, the old man in the middle. Then their eyes were opened and when the bread was placed on the holy table, there appeared as it were a little child to these three alone. And when the priest put out his hand to break the bread, behold an angel descended from heaven with a sword and poured the child's blood into the chalice. When the priest cut the bread into small pieces, the angel also cut the child in pieces. When they drew near to receive the sacred elements the old man alone received a morsel of bloody flesh. Seeing this he was afraid and cried out, "Lord, I believe that this bread is your flesh and this chalice your blood." Immediately the flesh which he held in his hand became bread, according to the mystery and he took it, giving thanks to God. Then the old men said to him, "God knows human nature and that man cannot eat raw flesh and that is why he has changed his body into bread and his blood into wine, for those who receive it in faith." Then they gave thanks to God for the old man, because he had allowed him not to lose the reward of his labour. So all three returned with joy to their own cells.'" (pg 53, Sayings of the Desert Fathers, Cistercian Publications, 1984).

Dear Lord,
Remember the weakness of my will and preserve in me the ignorance necessary for the accomplishment of the tasks You have laid out for me, in accordance with Your will.
Amen